In November 2007 ICAO introduced Amendment 5 to Doc 4444, which contained new procedures and phraseologies for aircraft following a SID or a STAR. This implementation was not as successful as expected.

IFATCA studied the operational use of these procedures and phraseology and concluded that discrepancy exists between restrictions on SIDs and STARs and restrictions in the en- route environment. The paper studied this issue to ensure compatibility and consistency between the TMA environment and en-route procedures.